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Corel Medical Series: Cancer
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c12.dxr
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00106_Field_SRC.c12.A.4.txt
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1997-01-28
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At Significantly Higher Risk
• Men over 60.
• Long-term drinkers, especially in whites.
• Long-term smokers (more common in blacks than in whites).
• Smokers who drink alcohol (more common in blacks than in whites).
• Pickled vegetable consumption.
• Individuals with muscle spasm (achalasia) or chronic stricture.
• Barrett's esophagus with esophagitis— inflammation of the esophagus related to a chronic backup of stomach
acid with bile (gastric reflux) causing "heartburn." This may also develop from a malfunction of the
gastroesophageal valve that results in backup (reflux) of stomach acid. The male-to-female ratio is 5-to-1 for
adenocarcinoma .
• Other causes of esophageal injury, such as lye ingestion or long-term consumption of very hot beverages.
At Lower Risk
• Mormons and Seventh Day Adventists who monitor their diets and neither drink nor smoke.